To add or subtract expressions, expand them to make their denominators the same. Least common multiple of $c_{1}$ and $c_{2}$ is $c_{1}c_{2}$. Multiply $\frac{1}{c_{1}}$ times $\frac{c_{2}}{c_{2}}$. Multiply $\frac{1}{c_{2}}$ times $\frac{c_{1}}{c_{1}}$.